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Glyphosate Herbicide Injury


Excerpt and photos from Nelson's (2008) "Glyphosate Herbicide Injury to Coffee"

See the complete publication at:
https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/PD-56.pdf

Glyphosate is a chemical compound that is the active in- gredient in some herbicide products. It is a non-selective, systemic herbicide that is absorbed through plant leaves and green stem tissues. It can be injected into stems or applied to stumps of trees to kill them. Glyphosate applications are mainly used to kill perennial weedy plants in agricultural fields. They are broadcast or used in cut-
stump treatments to kill undesirable plants in forests. Glyphosate initially was mar- keted by Monsanto under the trade name Roundup®, but it is no longer under patent pro- tection. It is manufactured and applied in a number of formulations for different plant or crop uses.

Glyphosate inhibits the activity of certain plant enzymes and key amino acids that are necessary for protein synthesis and plant growth. It is effective in kill- ing a wide variety of plants, including grasses, broadleafed, and woody plants. Other woody dicots (e.g., macadamia) can express disease symptoms similar to coffee plants. Contact with leaves, stems, or exposed young roots can damage the plants.

Primary disease symptoms:​
  • abnormal stem proliferation (also known as witches’ broom)
  • leaf narrowing, production of strap-like leaves
  • reduction in leaf size
  • leaf chlorosis (yellowing), complete or between veins
  • leaf distortion (curling, wrinkling)
  • retarded vertical stem re-growth after pruning
  • plant stunting.

Symptoms of glyphosate injury can negatively affect plants or persist for many months, up to one year or more on coffee in Hawai‘i, depending on the dosage and exposure points on plants. 

The principal negative effects of glyphosate injury to coffee plants include stunting and arrested growth of 
plants, nutritional deficiency symptoms (foliar yellow- ing), poor coffee bean yields, and predisposition to other diseases such as Cercospora leaf spot and berry blotch. Banana moth injury to coffee verticals after pruning, and root rots in wet soils after severe coffee pruning, also cause plant damage and slow re-growth of new vertical branches.

Management practices to avoid glyphosate injury to coffee

  • Train herbicide applicators to mix and apply herbicides in accordance with herbicide label instructions (the label is the law).
  • Avoid herbicide contact with foliage, green stems, exposed, non-woody roots, or fruits of coffee.
  • Use a spray shield to help contain overspray.
  • Encourage non-climbing, low-growing nitrogen-fixing ground covers around coffee plants.
  • Apply composts and mulches around coffee plants to inhibit weed growth (but keep mulches and composts away from contact with coffee stems).
  • Use weed-feeding animals such as geese or cattle in coffee fields to inhibit weeds.
  • Use mobile chicken containers (“chicken tractors”) to control weeds in coffee fields.
  • Use string-trimmers or mowers to control weeds, or weed the fields by hand where possible.
  • Grow coffee plants under shade trees such as monkey- pod, koa, avocado, and mango to inhibit weed growth, or grow coffee in a diverse multi-level agroforestry cropping system with other plants of agricultural or aesthetic value.
  • Discourage grassy weeds where possible. 
  • Use alternative herbicide products, or organic mixtures, or less injurious chemicals.
  • Do not exceed the recommended dosage of glyphosate in spray applications.
  • Apply glyphosate before pruning coffee plants, not immediately after pruning them.
  • If climbing or tall weeds cover coffee plants, do not spray the plants with glyphosate; remove them byhand.
    ​
    Prune low-hanging coffee branches away from the
    ground before applying glyphosate to coffee rows.
  • Grow coffee organically (do not use herbicides).
  • Avoid mixing glyphosate in spray equipment used to apply other pest-control chemicals or foliar nutrient sprays to coffee plants.
  • Avoid over-irrigation of plants injured by glyphosate to minimize the development of root rot.

Contact website management if you require any assistance with the site or information provided.
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  • Home
  • Coffee Leaf Rust
    • Coffee Leaf Rust Photos
    • HDOA CLR Pest Alert >
      • HDOA CLR Report Form
    • Sanitation and Disinfestation Info
    • Surveying, Sampling and Monitoring of CLR >
      • HDOA CLR Field Guide and Submission Form
    • Spraying for CLR and Spray Product Info >
      • Spraying for CLR - English
      • Pulverización para CLR - Español
      • Spraying for CLR - Tagalog
      • Spraying for CLR - Ilocano
      • Sprayer Calibration and Pesticide Calculations
      • Priaxor Xemium Info
      • ProBlad Verde Info
      • Pesticide Use FAQs
    • Pruning for CLR and CBB
    • Coffee Leaf Rust Poster >
      • La Roya del Café Póster - Español
      • Coffee Leaf Rust Poster - Tagalog
      • Coffee Leaf Rust Poster - Ilocano
    • CLR Trifold Brochure
    • CLR Presentations and Meetings
    • CLR Publications
    • CLR/CBB Subsidy Program Info
    • Bioworks BotaniGard and Mycotrol Compatibility Chart
  • CBB Management
    • Field Sanitation
    • Pruning >
      • Two-Year Cycle Block Pruning Method by Aki Yamagishi
    • Feral and Unmanaged Coffee Trees
    • Field Monitoring
    • CBB Control >
      • Predators of CBB
    • Harvesting
    • Shipping
    • Beauveria Subsidy Program Info
    • Bioworks BotaniGard and Mycotrol Compatibility Chart
    • 2020 CBB IPM Document
    • CBB & Coffee Presentations & Posters
    • CBB Publications
  • Events and Announcements
    • Feb/Mar CLR Research and Management Update Webinars with Live Q&A
    • 2/16 Train the Trainer Worker Protection Standard (WPS) - Kona
    • Respirator Fit Test Training Workshops - Sign Up
    • Hands-on Coffee Grafting Workshops - Sign Up
  • Hawaii Coffee Pests and Problems
    • Anthracnose
    • Banana Moth
    • Bird Damage
    • Black Twig Borer
    • Blister Spot
    • Cercospora Leaf Spot and Berry Blotch
    • Coffee Berry Borer
    • Coffee Root-knot Nematode
    • Food Safety Concerns - Slug, feces, etc.
    • Fruit Fly
    • Glyphosate Herbicide Injury
    • Green Scale and Sooty Mold
    • J-rooting
    • Little Fire Ant
    • Mite Feeding Damage
    • Nutritional Problems
    • Over-bearing Dieback
    • Rodent Damage
    • Skin Cracking
    • Slug and Snail Damage
    • Sunburn on Coffee
  • NKO - Coffee Pests and Diseases Not in Hawaii
    • Coffee Berry Disease - NKO
    • Coffee Leaf Miner - NKO
    • Coffee White Stem Borer - NKO
    • Coffee Wilt Disease - NKO
  • Coffee Publications and Presentations
    • Growing Coffee in Hawaii
  • Coffee Leaf and Soil Sampling Instructions
  • HDOA Rules - Coffee
  • USDA - Coffee Rules
  • Coffee Organizations in Hawaii
  • Agricultural Theft
    • Chapter 145 - Reg. of Farm Product
    • Dealer Licensing
    • Contacts
  • Coffee Crop Insurance
  • Archive
  • About us
  • Blog