Section IC: Feral and Unmanaged Coffee Trees
The information below, is an excerpt from the "Recommendations for Coffee Berry Borer Integrated Pest Management in Hawai‘i 2020" document. The complete article can be downloaded here.
Feral and unmanaged coffee trees provide habitat that produce persistent CBB populations which continually infest managed farms. A review by Damon [4] suggests female CBB can live for an average of 157 days and lay between 31 and 119 eggs within an individual coffee berry. Although CBB can move up to 213 feet (65m) unas- sisted by wind, most beetles remain within 49 feet (15m) of their origin [9]. Research [16,17] in Hawai‘i shows that unmanaged trees on farms have greater populations of CBB than wild, feral coffee trees. These discoveries emphasize the importance of removal or management of feral and unmanaged coffee to reduce CBB and their ability to disperse into and infest managed plots.
1. What do I do about feral and/or unmanaged coffee trees neighboring my farm?
- If, and only if, you are able to obtain consent from the property owner and/or manager of neighbor- ing properties, consider doing the following. (Note, however, that if permission is denied or you cannot reach the owner/manager, do not enter the property).
- Strip-pick berries and then destroy all seed- ling, feral, and unmanaged trees, or
- Strip-pick and then stump trees to eliminate coffee production for an extended period.
- If berry and raisin removal is not possible, placing CBB traps along the border nearest to the feral and unmanaged trees may help to reduce overflow beetle movement by captur- ing and killing CBB during dispersal flights. Service these traps regularly, as detailed in Appendix C. Note that trapping is NOT otherwise a recommended practice for CBB control, other than monitoring adult numbers.
Remember that strip-picking, the removal of ALL berries and raisins from the tree, must be done BEFORE pruning.
Further reading:
[4] Damon, A. 2000. A review of the biology and control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research. 90: 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300000584.
[9] Gil, Z.N., P. Benavides, O. De Souza, F.E. Acevedo, and E. Lima. 2015. Molecular markers as a method to evaluate the movement of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). Journal of Insect Science. 15(1): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iev058.
[16] Johnson, M.A., S. Fortna, R.G. Hollingsworth, and N.C. Manoukis. 2019. Postharvest population reservoirs of coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Hawai’i Island. Journal of Economic Entomology. 112(6): 2833-2841. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz219.
[17] Johnson, M. and N. Manoukis. 2018. “Invasive pest and host plant dynamics across a heterogenous landscape: Insights from area-wide monitoring of Coffee Berry Borer on Hawaii Island” presented at the 2018 Coffee Berry Borer Conference held at the Courtyard by Marriot King Kamehameha’s Kona Beach Hotel, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. 25 April 2018.
[4] Damon, A. 2000. A review of the biology and control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research. 90: 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300000584.
[9] Gil, Z.N., P. Benavides, O. De Souza, F.E. Acevedo, and E. Lima. 2015. Molecular markers as a method to evaluate the movement of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). Journal of Insect Science. 15(1): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iev058.
[16] Johnson, M.A., S. Fortna, R.G. Hollingsworth, and N.C. Manoukis. 2019. Postharvest population reservoirs of coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Hawai’i Island. Journal of Economic Entomology. 112(6): 2833-2841. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz219.
[17] Johnson, M. and N. Manoukis. 2018. “Invasive pest and host plant dynamics across a heterogenous landscape: Insights from area-wide monitoring of Coffee Berry Borer on Hawaii Island” presented at the 2018 Coffee Berry Borer Conference held at the Courtyard by Marriot King Kamehameha’s Kona Beach Hotel, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. 25 April 2018.
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